Struct std::str::Utf8Error

pub struct Utf8Error { /* private fields */ }

Errors which can occur when attempting to interpret a sequence of u8 as a string.

As such, the from_utf8 family of functions and methods for both Strings and &strs make use of this error, for example.

Examples

This error type’s methods can be used to create functionality similar to String::from_utf8_lossy without allocating heap memory:

fn from_utf8_lossy<F>(mut input: &[u8], mut push: F) where F: FnMut(&str) {
    loop {
        match std::str::from_utf8(input) {
            Ok(valid) => {
                push(valid);
                break
            }
            Err(error) => {
                let (valid, after_valid) = input.split_at(error.valid_up_to());
                unsafe {
                    push(std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(valid))
                }
                push("\u{FFFD}");

                if let Some(invalid_sequence_length) = error.error_len() {
                    input = &after_valid[invalid_sequence_length..]
                } else {
                    break
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Implementations

impl Utf8Error

pub fn valid_up_to(&self) -> usize

Returns the index in the given string up to which valid UTF-8 was verified.

It is the maximum index such that from_utf8(&input[..index]) would return Ok(_).

Examples

Basic usage:

use std::str;

// some invalid bytes, in a vector
let sparkle_heart = vec![0, 159, 146, 150];

// std::str::from_utf8 returns a Utf8Error
let error = str::from_utf8(&sparkle_heart).unwrap_err();

// the second byte is invalid here
assert_eq!(1, error.valid_up_to());

pub fn error_len(&self) -> Option<usize>

Provides more information about the failure:

• None: the end of the input was reached unexpectedly. self.valid_up_to() is 1 to 3 bytes from the end of the input. If a byte stream (such as a file or a network socket) is being decoded incrementally, this could be a valid char whose UTF-8 byte sequence is spanning multiple chunks.

• Some(len): an unexpected byte was encountered. The length provided is that of the invalid byte sequence that starts at the index given by valid_up_to(). Decoding should resume after that sequence (after inserting a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER) in case of lossy decoding.

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Utf8Error

fn clone(&self) -> Utf8Error

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Utf8Error

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Display for Utf8Error

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Error for Utf8Error

fn description(&self) -> &str

👎 Deprecated since 1.42.0:

use the Display impl or to_string()

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

The lower-level source of this error, if any.

fn backtrace(&self) -> Option<&Backtrace>

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (backtrace #53487)

Returns a stack backtrace, if available, of where this error occurred.

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎 Deprecated since 1.33.0:

replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting

impl PartialEq<Utf8Error> for Utf8Error

fn eq(&self, other: &Utf8Error) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Utf8Error) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl Copy for Utf8Error

impl Eq for Utf8Error

impl StructuralEq for Utf8Error

impl StructuralPartialEq for Utf8Error