1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
//! Atomic types
//!
//! Atomic types provide primitive shared-memory communication between
//! threads, and are the building blocks of other concurrent
//! types.
//!
//! This module defines atomic versions of a select number of primitive
//! types, including [`AtomicBool`], [`AtomicIsize`], [`AtomicUsize`],
//! [`AtomicI8`], [`AtomicU16`], etc.
//! Atomic types present operations that, when used correctly, synchronize
//! updates between threads.
//!
//! Each method takes an [`Ordering`] which represents the strength of
//! the memory barrier for that operation. These orderings are the
//! same as the [C++20 atomic orderings][1]. For more information see the [nomicon][2].
//!
//! [1]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/memory_order
//! [2]: ../../../nomicon/atomics.html
//!
//! Atomic variables are safe to share between threads (they implement [`Sync`])
//! but they do not themselves provide the mechanism for sharing and follow the
//! [threading model](../../../std/thread/index.html#the-threading-model) of Rust.
//! The most common way to share an atomic variable is to put it into an [`Arc`][arc] (an
//! atomically-reference-counted shared pointer).
//!
//! [arc]: ../../../std/sync/struct.Arc.html
//!
//! Atomic types may be stored in static variables, initialized using
//! the constant initializers like [`AtomicBool::new`]. Atomic statics
//! are often used for lazy global initialization.
//!
//! # Portability
//!
//! All atomic types in this module are guaranteed to be [lock-free] if they're
//! available. This means they don't internally acquire a global mutex. Atomic
//! types and operations are not guaranteed to be wait-free. This means that
//! operations like `fetch_or` may be implemented with a compare-and-swap loop.
//!
//! Atomic operations may be implemented at the instruction layer with
//! larger-size atomics. For example some platforms use 4-byte atomic
//! instructions to implement `AtomicI8`. Note that this emulation should not
//! have an impact on correctness of code, it's just something to be aware of.
//!
//! The atomic types in this module might not be available on all platforms. The
//! atomic types here are all widely available, however, and can generally be
//! relied upon existing. Some notable exceptions are:
//!
//! * PowerPC and MIPS platforms with 32-bit pointers do not have `AtomicU64` or
//!   `AtomicI64` types.
//! * ARM platforms like `armv5te` that aren't for Linux only provide `load`
//!   and `store` operations, and do not support Compare and Swap (CAS)
//!   operations, such as `swap`, `fetch_add`, etc. Additionally on Linux,
//!   these CAS operations are implemented via [operating system support], which
//!   may come with a performance penalty.
//! * ARM targets with `thumbv6m` only provide `load` and `store` operations,
//!   and do not support Compare and Swap (CAS) operations, such as `swap`,
//!   `fetch_add`, etc.
//!
//! [operating system support]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/arm/kernel_user_helpers.txt
//!
//! Note that future platforms may be added that also do not have support for
//! some atomic operations. Maximally portable code will want to be careful
//! about which atomic types are used. `AtomicUsize` and `AtomicIsize` are
//! generally the most portable, but even then they're not available everywhere.
//! For reference, the `std` library requires `AtomicBool`s and pointer-sized atomics, although
//! `core` does not.
//!
//! Currently you'll need to use `#[cfg(target_arch)]` primarily to
//! conditionally compile in code with atomics. There is an unstable
//! `#[cfg(target_has_atomic)]` as well which may be stabilized in the future.
//!
//! [lock-free]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-blocking_algorithm
//!
//! # Examples
//!
//! A simple spinlock:
//!
//! ```
//! use std::sync::Arc;
//! use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
//! use std::{hint, thread};
//!
//! fn main() {
//!     let spinlock = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(1));
//!
//!     let spinlock_clone = Arc::clone(&spinlock);
//!     let thread = thread::spawn(move|| {
//!         spinlock_clone.store(0, Ordering::SeqCst);
//!     });
//!
//!     // Wait for the other thread to release the lock
//!     while spinlock.load(Ordering::SeqCst) != 0 {
//!         hint::spin_loop();
//!     }
//!
//!     if let Err(panic) = thread.join() {
//!         println!("Thread had an error: {:?}", panic);
//!     }
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! Keep a global count of live threads:
//!
//! ```
//! use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
//!
//! static GLOBAL_THREAD_COUNT: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
//!
//! let old_thread_count = GLOBAL_THREAD_COUNT.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
//! println!("live threads: {}", old_thread_count + 1);
//! ```

#![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#![cfg_attr(not(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8"), allow(dead_code))]
#![cfg_attr(not(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8"), allow(unused_imports))]
#![rustc_diagnostic_item = "atomic_mod"]

use self::Ordering::*;

use crate::cell::UnsafeCell;
use crate::fmt;
use crate::intrinsics;

use crate::hint::spin_loop;

/// A boolean type which can be safely shared between threads.
///
/// This type has the same in-memory representation as a [`bool`].
///
/// **Note**: This type is only available on platforms that support atomic
/// loads and stores of `u8`.
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[rustc_diagnostic_item = "AtomicBool"]
#[repr(C, align(1))]
pub struct AtomicBool {
    v: UnsafeCell<u8>,
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_default_impls", issue = "87864")]
impl const Default for AtomicBool {
    /// Creates an `AtomicBool` initialized to `false`.
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new(false)
    }
}

// Send is implicitly implemented for AtomicBool.
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
unsafe impl Sync for AtomicBool {}

/// A raw pointer type which can be safely shared between threads.
///
/// This type has the same in-memory representation as a `*mut T`.
///
/// **Note**: This type is only available on platforms that support atomic
/// loads and stores of pointers. Its size depends on the target pointer's size.
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[cfg_attr(target_pointer_width = "16", repr(C, align(2)))]
#[cfg_attr(target_pointer_width = "32", repr(C, align(4)))]
#[cfg_attr(target_pointer_width = "64", repr(C, align(8)))]
pub struct AtomicPtr<T> {
    p: UnsafeCell<*mut T>,
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_default_impls", issue = "87864")]
impl<T> const Default for AtomicPtr<T> {
    /// Creates a null `AtomicPtr<T>`.
    fn default() -> AtomicPtr<T> {
        AtomicPtr::new(crate::ptr::null_mut())
    }
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
unsafe impl<T> Send for AtomicPtr<T> {}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
unsafe impl<T> Sync for AtomicPtr<T> {}

/// Atomic memory orderings
///
/// Memory orderings specify the way atomic operations synchronize memory.
/// In its weakest [`Ordering::Relaxed`], only the memory directly touched by the
/// operation is synchronized. On the other hand, a store-load pair of [`Ordering::SeqCst`]
/// operations synchronize other memory while additionally preserving a total order of such
/// operations across all threads.
///
/// Rust's memory orderings are [the same as those of
/// C++20](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/memory_order).
///
/// For more information see the [nomicon].
///
/// [nomicon]: ../../../nomicon/atomics.html
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
#[non_exhaustive]
#[rustc_diagnostic_item = "Ordering"]
pub enum Ordering {
    /// No ordering constraints, only atomic operations.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`memory_order_relaxed`] in C++20.
    ///
    /// [`memory_order_relaxed`]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/memory_order#Relaxed_ordering
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    Relaxed,
    /// When coupled with a store, all previous operations become ordered
    /// before any load of this value with [`Acquire`] (or stronger) ordering.
    /// In particular, all previous writes become visible to all threads
    /// that perform an [`Acquire`] (or stronger) load of this value.
    ///
    /// Notice that using this ordering for an operation that combines loads
    /// and stores leads to a [`Relaxed`] load operation!
    ///
    /// This ordering is only applicable for operations that can perform a store.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`memory_order_release`] in C++20.
    ///
    /// [`memory_order_release`]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/memory_order#Release-Acquire_ordering
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    Release,
    /// When coupled with a load, if the loaded value was written by a store operation with
    /// [`Release`] (or stronger) ordering, then all subsequent operations
    /// become ordered after that store. In particular, all subsequent loads will see data
    /// written before the store.
    ///
    /// Notice that using this ordering for an operation that combines loads
    /// and stores leads to a [`Relaxed`] store operation!
    ///
    /// This ordering is only applicable for operations that can perform a load.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`memory_order_acquire`] in C++20.
    ///
    /// [`memory_order_acquire`]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/memory_order#Release-Acquire_ordering
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    Acquire,
    /// Has the effects of both [`Acquire`] and [`Release`] together:
    /// For loads it uses [`Acquire`] ordering. For stores it uses the [`Release`] ordering.
    ///
    /// Notice that in the case of `compare_and_swap`, it is possible that the operation ends up
    /// not performing any store and hence it has just [`Acquire`] ordering. However,
    /// `AcqRel` will never perform [`Relaxed`] accesses.
    ///
    /// This ordering is only applicable for operations that combine both loads and stores.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`memory_order_acq_rel`] in C++20.
    ///
    /// [`memory_order_acq_rel`]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/memory_order#Release-Acquire_ordering
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    AcqRel,
    /// Like [`Acquire`]/[`Release`]/[`AcqRel`] (for load, store, and load-with-store
    /// operations, respectively) with the additional guarantee that all threads see all
    /// sequentially consistent operations in the same order.
    ///
    /// Corresponds to [`memory_order_seq_cst`] in C++20.
    ///
    /// [`memory_order_seq_cst`]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/atomic/memory_order#Sequentially-consistent_ordering
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    SeqCst,
}

/// An [`AtomicBool`] initialized to `false`.
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[rustc_deprecated(
    since = "1.34.0",
    reason = "the `new` function is now preferred",
    suggestion = "AtomicBool::new(false)"
)]
pub const ATOMIC_BOOL_INIT: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
impl AtomicBool {
    /// Creates a new `AtomicBool`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
    ///
    /// let atomic_true  = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// let atomic_false = AtomicBool::new(false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_atomic_new", since = "1.24.0")]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn new(v: bool) -> AtomicBool {
        AtomicBool { v: UnsafeCell::new(v as u8) }
    }

    /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying [`bool`].
    ///
    /// This is safe because the mutable reference guarantees that no other threads are
    /// concurrently accessing the atomic data.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let mut some_bool = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(*some_bool.get_mut(), true);
    /// *some_bool.get_mut() = false;
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.load(Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "atomic_access", since = "1.15.0")]
    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut bool {
        // SAFETY: the mutable reference guarantees unique ownership.
        unsafe { &mut *(self.v.get() as *mut bool) }
    }

    /// Get atomic access to a `&mut bool`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(atomic_from_mut)]
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let mut some_bool = true;
    /// let a = AtomicBool::from_mut(&mut some_bool);
    /// a.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool, false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "8")]
    #[unstable(feature = "atomic_from_mut", issue = "76314")]
    pub fn from_mut(v: &mut bool) -> &mut Self {
        // SAFETY: the mutable reference guarantees unique ownership, and
        // alignment of both `bool` and `Self` is 1.
        unsafe { &mut *(v as *mut bool as *mut Self) }
    }

    /// Consumes the atomic and returns the contained value.
    ///
    /// This is safe because passing `self` by value guarantees that no other threads are
    /// concurrently accessing the atomic data.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
    ///
    /// let some_bool = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.into_inner(), true);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "atomic_access", since = "1.15.0")]
    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_cell_into_inner", issue = "78729")]
    pub const fn into_inner(self) -> bool {
        self.v.into_inner() != 0
    }

    /// Loads a value from the bool.
    ///
    /// `load` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. Possible values are [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] and [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `order` is [`Release`] or [`AcqRel`].
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let some_bool = AtomicBool::new(true);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.load(Ordering::Relaxed), true);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn load(&self, order: Ordering) -> bool {
        // SAFETY: any data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics and the raw
        // pointer passed in is valid because we got it from a reference.
        unsafe { atomic_load(self.v.get(), order) != 0 }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the bool.
    ///
    /// `store` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. Possible values are [`SeqCst`], [`Release`] and [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `order` is [`Acquire`] or [`AcqRel`].
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let some_bool = AtomicBool::new(true);
    ///
    /// some_bool.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.load(Ordering::Relaxed), false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn store(&self, val: bool, order: Ordering) {
        // SAFETY: any data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics and the raw
        // pointer passed in is valid because we got it from a reference.
        unsafe {
            atomic_store(self.v.get(), val as u8, order);
        }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the bool, returning the previous value.
    ///
    /// `swap` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
    /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
    /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on `u8`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let some_bool = AtomicBool::new(true);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed), true);
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.load(Ordering::Relaxed), false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
    pub fn swap(&self, val: bool, order: Ordering) -> bool {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        unsafe { atomic_swap(self.v.get(), val as u8, order) != 0 }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the [`bool`] if the current value is the same as the `current` value.
    ///
    /// The return value is always the previous value. If it is equal to `current`, then the value
    /// was updated.
    ///
    /// `compare_and_swap` also takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory
    /// ordering of this operation. Notice that even when using [`AcqRel`], the operation
    /// might fail and hence just perform an `Acquire` load, but not have `Release` semantics.
    /// Using [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`] if it
    /// happens, and using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on `u8`.
    ///
    /// # Migrating to `compare_exchange` and `compare_exchange_weak`
    ///
    /// `compare_and_swap` is equivalent to `compare_exchange` with the following mapping for
    /// memory orderings:
    ///
    /// Original | Success | Failure
    /// -------- | ------- | -------
    /// Relaxed  | Relaxed | Relaxed
    /// Acquire  | Acquire | Acquire
    /// Release  | Release | Relaxed
    /// AcqRel   | AcqRel  | Acquire
    /// SeqCst   | SeqCst  | SeqCst
    ///
    /// `compare_exchange_weak` is allowed to fail spuriously even when the comparison succeeds,
    /// which allows the compiler to generate better assembly code when the compare and swap
    /// is used in a loop.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let some_bool = AtomicBool::new(true);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.compare_and_swap(true, false, Ordering::Relaxed), true);
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.load(Ordering::Relaxed), false);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.compare_and_swap(true, true, Ordering::Relaxed), false);
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.load(Ordering::Relaxed), false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[rustc_deprecated(
        since = "1.50.0",
        reason = "Use `compare_exchange` or `compare_exchange_weak` instead"
    )]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
    pub fn compare_and_swap(&self, current: bool, new: bool, order: Ordering) -> bool {
        match self.compare_exchange(current, new, order, strongest_failure_ordering(order)) {
            Ok(x) => x,
            Err(x) => x,
        }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the [`bool`] if the current value is the same as the `current` value.
    ///
    /// The return value is a result indicating whether the new value was written and containing
    /// the previous value. On success this value is guaranteed to be equal to `current`.
    ///
    /// `compare_exchange` takes two [`Ordering`] arguments to describe the memory
    /// ordering of this operation. `success` describes the required ordering for the
    /// read-modify-write operation that takes place if the comparison with `current` succeeds.
    /// `failure` describes the required ordering for the load operation that takes place when
    /// the comparison fails. Using [`Acquire`] as success ordering makes the store part
    /// of this operation [`Relaxed`], and using [`Release`] makes the successful load
    /// [`Relaxed`]. The failure ordering can only be [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] or [`Relaxed`]
    /// and must be equivalent to or weaker than the success ordering.
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on `u8`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let some_bool = AtomicBool::new(true);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.compare_exchange(true,
    ///                                       false,
    ///                                       Ordering::Acquire,
    ///                                       Ordering::Relaxed),
    ///            Ok(true));
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.load(Ordering::Relaxed), false);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.compare_exchange(true, true,
    ///                                       Ordering::SeqCst,
    ///                                       Ordering::Acquire),
    ///            Err(false));
    /// assert_eq!(some_bool.load(Ordering::Relaxed), false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "extended_compare_and_swap", since = "1.10.0")]
    #[doc(alias = "compare_and_swap")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
    pub fn compare_exchange(
        &self,
        current: bool,
        new: bool,
        success: Ordering,
        failure: Ordering,
    ) -> Result<bool, bool> {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        match unsafe {
            atomic_compare_exchange(self.v.get(), current as u8, new as u8, success, failure)
        } {
            Ok(x) => Ok(x != 0),
            Err(x) => Err(x != 0),
        }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the [`bool`] if the current value is the same as the `current` value.
    ///
    /// Unlike [`AtomicBool::compare_exchange`], this function is allowed to spuriously fail even when the
    /// comparison succeeds, which can result in more efficient code on some platforms. The
    /// return value is a result indicating whether the new value was written and containing the
    /// previous value.
    ///
    /// `compare_exchange_weak` takes two [`Ordering`] arguments to describe the memory
    /// ordering of this operation. `success` describes the required ordering for the
    /// read-modify-write operation that takes place if the comparison with `current` succeeds.
    /// `failure` describes the required ordering for the load operation that takes place when
    /// the comparison fails. Using [`Acquire`] as success ordering makes the store part
    /// of this operation [`Relaxed`], and using [`Release`] makes the successful load
    /// [`Relaxed`]. The failure ordering can only be [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] or [`Relaxed`]
    /// and must be equivalent to or weaker than the success ordering.
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on `u8`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let val = AtomicBool::new(false);
    ///
    /// let new = true;
    /// let mut old = val.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// loop {
    ///     match val.compare_exchange_weak(old, new, Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::Relaxed) {
    ///         Ok(_) => break,
    ///         Err(x) => old = x,
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "extended_compare_and_swap", since = "1.10.0")]
    #[doc(alias = "compare_and_swap")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
    pub fn compare_exchange_weak(
        &self,
        current: bool,
        new: bool,
        success: Ordering,
        failure: Ordering,
    ) -> Result<bool, bool> {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        match unsafe {
            atomic_compare_exchange_weak(self.v.get(), current as u8, new as u8, success, failure)
        } {
            Ok(x) => Ok(x != 0),
            Err(x) => Err(x != 0),
        }
    }

    /// Logical "and" with a boolean value.
    ///
    /// Performs a logical "and" operation on the current value and the argument `val`, and sets
    /// the new value to the result.
    ///
    /// Returns the previous value.
    ///
    /// `fetch_and` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
    /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
    /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on `u8`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_and(false, Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_and(true, Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(false);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_and(false, Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
    pub fn fetch_and(&self, val: bool, order: Ordering) -> bool {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        unsafe { atomic_and(self.v.get(), val as u8, order) != 0 }
    }

    /// Logical "nand" with a boolean value.
    ///
    /// Performs a logical "nand" operation on the current value and the argument `val`, and sets
    /// the new value to the result.
    ///
    /// Returns the previous value.
    ///
    /// `fetch_nand` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
    /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
    /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on `u8`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_nand(false, Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_nand(true, Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst) as usize, 0);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(false);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_nand(false, Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
    pub fn fetch_nand(&self, val: bool, order: Ordering) -> bool {
        // We can't use atomic_nand here because it can result in a bool with
        // an invalid value. This happens because the atomic operation is done
        // with an 8-bit integer internally, which would set the upper 7 bits.
        // So we just use fetch_xor or swap instead.
        if val {
            // !(x & true) == !x
            // We must invert the bool.
            self.fetch_xor(true, order)
        } else {
            // !(x & false) == true
            // We must set the bool to true.
            self.swap(true, order)
        }
    }

    /// Logical "or" with a boolean value.
    ///
    /// Performs a logical "or" operation on the current value and the argument `val`, and sets the
    /// new value to the result.
    ///
    /// Returns the previous value.
    ///
    /// `fetch_or` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
    /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
    /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on `u8`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_or(false, Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_or(true, Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(false);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_or(false, Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
    pub fn fetch_or(&self, val: bool, order: Ordering) -> bool {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        unsafe { atomic_or(self.v.get(), val as u8, order) != 0 }
    }

    /// Logical "xor" with a boolean value.
    ///
    /// Performs a logical "xor" operation on the current value and the argument `val`, and sets
    /// the new value to the result.
    ///
    /// Returns the previous value.
    ///
    /// `fetch_xor` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
    /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
    /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on `u8`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_xor(false, Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_xor(true, Ordering::SeqCst), true);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    ///
    /// let foo = AtomicBool::new(false);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_xor(false, Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
    pub fn fetch_xor(&self, val: bool, order: Ordering) -> bool {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        unsafe { atomic_xor(self.v.get(), val as u8, order) != 0 }
    }

    /// Returns a mutable pointer to the underlying [`bool`].
    ///
    /// Doing non-atomic reads and writes on the resulting integer can be a data race.
    /// This method is mostly useful for FFI, where the function signature may use
    /// `*mut bool` instead of `&AtomicBool`.
    ///
    /// Returning an `*mut` pointer from a shared reference to this atomic is safe because the
    /// atomic types work with interior mutability. All modifications of an atomic change the value
    /// through a shared reference, and can do so safely as long as they use atomic operations. Any
    /// use of the returned raw pointer requires an `unsafe` block and still has to uphold the same
    /// restriction: operations on it must be atomic.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```ignore (extern-declaration)
    /// # fn main() {
    /// use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
    /// extern "C" {
    ///     fn my_atomic_op(arg: *mut bool);
    /// }
    ///
    /// let mut atomic = AtomicBool::new(true);
    /// unsafe {
    ///     my_atomic_op(atomic.as_mut_ptr());
    /// }
    /// # }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[unstable(feature = "atomic_mut_ptr", reason = "recently added", issue = "66893")]
    pub fn as_mut_ptr(&self) -> *mut bool {
        self.v.get() as *mut bool
    }

    /// Fetches the value, and applies a function to it that returns an optional
    /// new value. Returns a `Result` of `Ok(previous_value)` if the function
    /// returned `Some(_)`, else `Err(previous_value)`.
    ///
    /// Note: This may call the function multiple times if the value has been
    /// changed from other threads in the meantime, as long as the function
    /// returns `Some(_)`, but the function will have been applied only once to
    /// the stored value.
    ///
    /// `fetch_update` takes two [`Ordering`] arguments to describe the memory
    /// ordering of this operation. The first describes the required ordering for
    /// when the operation finally succeeds while the second describes the
    /// required ordering for loads. These correspond to the success and failure
    /// orderings of [`AtomicBool::compare_exchange`] respectively.
    ///
    /// Using [`Acquire`] as success ordering makes the store part of this
    /// operation [`Relaxed`], and using [`Release`] makes the final successful
    /// load [`Relaxed`]. The (failed) load ordering can only be [`SeqCst`],
    /// [`Acquire`] or [`Relaxed`] and must be equivalent to or weaker than the
    /// success ordering.
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on `u8`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let x = AtomicBool::new(false);
    /// assert_eq!(x.fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |_| None), Err(false));
    /// assert_eq!(x.fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |x| Some(!x)), Ok(false));
    /// assert_eq!(x.fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |x| Some(!x)), Ok(true));
    /// assert_eq!(x.load(Ordering::SeqCst), false);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "atomic_fetch_update", since = "1.53.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
    pub fn fetch_update<F>(
        &self,
        set_order: Ordering,
        fetch_order: Ordering,
        mut f: F,
    ) -> Result<bool, bool>
    where
        F: FnMut(bool) -> Option<bool>,
    {
        let mut prev = self.load(fetch_order);
        while let Some(next) = f(prev) {
            match self.compare_exchange_weak(prev, next, set_order, fetch_order) {
                x @ Ok(_) => return x,
                Err(next_prev) => prev = next_prev,
            }
        }
        Err(prev)
    }
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
impl<T> AtomicPtr<T> {
    /// Creates a new `AtomicPtr`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::AtomicPtr;
    ///
    /// let ptr = &mut 5;
    /// let atomic_ptr  = AtomicPtr::new(ptr);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_atomic_new", since = "1.24.0")]
    pub const fn new(p: *mut T) -> AtomicPtr<T> {
        AtomicPtr { p: UnsafeCell::new(p) }
    }

    /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying pointer.
    ///
    /// This is safe because the mutable reference guarantees that no other threads are
    /// concurrently accessing the atomic data.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let mut data = 10;
    /// let mut atomic_ptr = AtomicPtr::new(&mut data);
    /// let mut other_data = 5;
    /// *atomic_ptr.get_mut() = &mut other_data;
    /// assert_eq!(unsafe { *atomic_ptr.load(Ordering::SeqCst) }, 5);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "atomic_access", since = "1.15.0")]
    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut *mut T {
        self.p.get_mut()
    }

    /// Get atomic access to a pointer.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(atomic_from_mut)]
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let mut data = 123;
    /// let mut some_ptr = &mut data as *mut i32;
    /// let a = AtomicPtr::from_mut(&mut some_ptr);
    /// let mut other_data = 456;
    /// a.store(&mut other_data, Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// assert_eq!(unsafe { *some_ptr }, 456);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "ptr")]
    #[unstable(feature = "atomic_from_mut", issue = "76314")]
    pub fn from_mut(v: &mut *mut T) -> &mut Self {
        use crate::mem::align_of;
        let [] = [(); align_of::<AtomicPtr<()>>() - align_of::<*mut ()>()];
        // SAFETY:
        //  - the mutable reference guarantees unique ownership.
        //  - the alignment of `*mut T` and `Self` is the same on all platforms
        //    supported by rust, as verified above.
        unsafe { &mut *(v as *mut *mut T as *mut Self) }
    }

    /// Consumes the atomic and returns the contained value.
    ///
    /// This is safe because passing `self` by value guarantees that no other threads are
    /// concurrently accessing the atomic data.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::AtomicPtr;
    ///
    /// let mut data = 5;
    /// let atomic_ptr = AtomicPtr::new(&mut data);
    /// assert_eq!(unsafe { *atomic_ptr.into_inner() }, 5);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "atomic_access", since = "1.15.0")]
    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_cell_into_inner", issue = "78729")]
    pub const fn into_inner(self) -> *mut T {
        self.p.into_inner()
    }

    /// Loads a value from the pointer.
    ///
    /// `load` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. Possible values are [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] and [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `order` is [`Release`] or [`AcqRel`].
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let ptr = &mut 5;
    /// let some_ptr  = AtomicPtr::new(ptr);
    ///
    /// let value = some_ptr.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn load(&self, order: Ordering) -> *mut T {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        unsafe { atomic_load(self.p.get(), order) }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the pointer.
    ///
    /// `store` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. Possible values are [`SeqCst`], [`Release`] and [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `order` is [`Acquire`] or [`AcqRel`].
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let ptr = &mut 5;
    /// let some_ptr  = AtomicPtr::new(ptr);
    ///
    /// let other_ptr = &mut 10;
    ///
    /// some_ptr.store(other_ptr, Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn store(&self, ptr: *mut T, order: Ordering) {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        unsafe {
            atomic_store(self.p.get(), ptr, order);
        }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the pointer, returning the previous value.
    ///
    /// `swap` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
    /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
    /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
    /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on pointers.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let ptr = &mut 5;
    /// let some_ptr  = AtomicPtr::new(ptr);
    ///
    /// let other_ptr = &mut 10;
    ///
    /// let value = some_ptr.swap(other_ptr, Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "ptr")]
    pub fn swap(&self, ptr: *mut T, order: Ordering) -> *mut T {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        unsafe { atomic_swap(self.p.get(), ptr, order) }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the pointer if the current value is the same as the `current` value.
    ///
    /// The return value is always the previous value. If it is equal to `current`, then the value
    /// was updated.
    ///
    /// `compare_and_swap` also takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory
    /// ordering of this operation. Notice that even when using [`AcqRel`], the operation
    /// might fail and hence just perform an `Acquire` load, but not have `Release` semantics.
    /// Using [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`] if it
    /// happens, and using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on pointers.
    ///
    /// # Migrating to `compare_exchange` and `compare_exchange_weak`
    ///
    /// `compare_and_swap` is equivalent to `compare_exchange` with the following mapping for
    /// memory orderings:
    ///
    /// Original | Success | Failure
    /// -------- | ------- | -------
    /// Relaxed  | Relaxed | Relaxed
    /// Acquire  | Acquire | Acquire
    /// Release  | Release | Relaxed
    /// AcqRel   | AcqRel  | Acquire
    /// SeqCst   | SeqCst  | SeqCst
    ///
    /// `compare_exchange_weak` is allowed to fail spuriously even when the comparison succeeds,
    /// which allows the compiler to generate better assembly code when the compare and swap
    /// is used in a loop.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let ptr = &mut 5;
    /// let some_ptr  = AtomicPtr::new(ptr);
    ///
    /// let other_ptr   = &mut 10;
    ///
    /// let value = some_ptr.compare_and_swap(ptr, other_ptr, Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[rustc_deprecated(
        since = "1.50.0",
        reason = "Use `compare_exchange` or `compare_exchange_weak` instead"
    )]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "ptr")]
    pub fn compare_and_swap(&self, current: *mut T, new: *mut T, order: Ordering) -> *mut T {
        match self.compare_exchange(current, new, order, strongest_failure_ordering(order)) {
            Ok(x) => x,
            Err(x) => x,
        }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the pointer if the current value is the same as the `current` value.
    ///
    /// The return value is a result indicating whether the new value was written and containing
    /// the previous value. On success this value is guaranteed to be equal to `current`.
    ///
    /// `compare_exchange` takes two [`Ordering`] arguments to describe the memory
    /// ordering of this operation. `success` describes the required ordering for the
    /// read-modify-write operation that takes place if the comparison with `current` succeeds.
    /// `failure` describes the required ordering for the load operation that takes place when
    /// the comparison fails. Using [`Acquire`] as success ordering makes the store part
    /// of this operation [`Relaxed`], and using [`Release`] makes the successful load
    /// [`Relaxed`]. The failure ordering can only be [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] or [`Relaxed`]
    /// and must be equivalent to or weaker than the success ordering.
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on pointers.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let ptr = &mut 5;
    /// let some_ptr  = AtomicPtr::new(ptr);
    ///
    /// let other_ptr   = &mut 10;
    ///
    /// let value = some_ptr.compare_exchange(ptr, other_ptr,
    ///                                       Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "extended_compare_and_swap", since = "1.10.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "ptr")]
    pub fn compare_exchange(
        &self,
        current: *mut T,
        new: *mut T,
        success: Ordering,
        failure: Ordering,
    ) -> Result<*mut T, *mut T> {
        // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
        unsafe { atomic_compare_exchange(self.p.get(), current, new, success, failure) }
    }

    /// Stores a value into the pointer if the current value is the same as the `current` value.
    ///
    /// Unlike [`AtomicPtr::compare_exchange`], this function is allowed to spuriously fail even when the
    /// comparison succeeds, which can result in more efficient code on some platforms. The
    /// return value is a result indicating whether the new value was written and containing the
    /// previous value.
    ///
    /// `compare_exchange_weak` takes two [`Ordering`] arguments to describe the memory
    /// ordering of this operation. `success` describes the required ordering for the
    /// read-modify-write operation that takes place if the comparison with `current` succeeds.
    /// `failure` describes the required ordering for the load operation that takes place when
    /// the comparison fails. Using [`Acquire`] as success ordering makes the store part
    /// of this operation [`Relaxed`], and using [`Release`] makes the successful load
    /// [`Relaxed`]. The failure ordering can only be [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] or [`Relaxed`]
    /// and must be equivalent to or weaker than the success ordering.
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on pointers.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let some_ptr = AtomicPtr::new(&mut 5);
    ///
    /// let new = &mut 10;
    /// let mut old = some_ptr.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
    /// loop {
    ///     match some_ptr.compare_exchange_weak(old, new, Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::Relaxed) {
    ///         Ok(_) => break,
    ///         Err(x) => old = x,
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "extended_compare_and_swap", since = "1.10.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "ptr")]
    pub fn compare_exchange_weak(
        &self,
        current: *mut T,
        new: *mut T,
        success: Ordering,
        failure: Ordering,
    ) -> Result<*mut T, *mut T> {
        // SAFETY: This intrinsic is unsafe because it operates on a raw pointer
        // but we know for sure that the pointer is valid (we just got it from
        // an `UnsafeCell` that we have by reference) and the atomic operation
        // itself allows us to safely mutate the `UnsafeCell` contents.
        unsafe { atomic_compare_exchange_weak(self.p.get(), current, new, success, failure) }
    }

    /// Fetches the value, and applies a function to it that returns an optional
    /// new value. Returns a `Result` of `Ok(previous_value)` if the function
    /// returned `Some(_)`, else `Err(previous_value)`.
    ///
    /// Note: This may call the function multiple times if the value has been
    /// changed from other threads in the meantime, as long as the function
    /// returns `Some(_)`, but the function will have been applied only once to
    /// the stored value.
    ///
    /// `fetch_update` takes two [`Ordering`] arguments to describe the memory
    /// ordering of this operation. The first describes the required ordering for
    /// when the operation finally succeeds while the second describes the
    /// required ordering for loads. These correspond to the success and failure
    /// orderings of [`AtomicPtr::compare_exchange`] respectively.
    ///
    /// Using [`Acquire`] as success ordering makes the store part of this
    /// operation [`Relaxed`], and using [`Release`] makes the final successful
    /// load [`Relaxed`]. The (failed) load ordering can only be [`SeqCst`],
    /// [`Acquire`] or [`Relaxed`] and must be equivalent to or weaker than the
    /// success ordering.
    ///
    /// **Note:** This method is only available on platforms that support atomic
    /// operations on pointers.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, Ordering};
    ///
    /// let ptr: *mut _ = &mut 5;
    /// let some_ptr = AtomicPtr::new(ptr);
    ///
    /// let new: *mut _ = &mut 10;
    /// assert_eq!(some_ptr.fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |_| None), Err(ptr));
    /// let result = some_ptr.fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |x| {
    ///     if x == ptr {
    ///         Some(new)
    ///     } else {
    ///         None
    ///     }
    /// });
    /// assert_eq!(result, Ok(ptr));
    /// assert_eq!(some_ptr.load(Ordering::SeqCst), new);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[stable(feature = "atomic_fetch_update", since = "1.53.0")]
    #[cfg(target_has_atomic = "ptr")]
    pub fn fetch_update<F>(
        &self,
        set_order: Ordering,
        fetch_order: Ordering,
        mut f: F,
    ) -> Result<*mut T, *mut T>
    where
        F: FnMut(*mut T) -> Option<*mut T>,
    {
        let mut prev = self.load(fetch_order);
        while let Some(next) = f(prev) {
            match self.compare_exchange_weak(prev, next, set_order, fetch_order) {
                x @ Ok(_) => return x,
                Err(next_prev) => prev = next_prev,
            }
        }
        Err(prev)
    }
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
#[stable(feature = "atomic_bool_from", since = "1.24.0")]
#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_convert", issue = "88674")]
impl const From<bool> for AtomicBool {
    /// Converts a `bool` into an `AtomicBool`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
    /// let atomic_bool = AtomicBool::from(true);
    /// assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", atomic_bool), "true")
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn from(b: bool) -> Self {
        Self::new(b)
    }
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
#[stable(feature = "atomic_from", since = "1.23.0")]
#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_convert", issue = "88674")]
impl<T> const From<*mut T> for AtomicPtr<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn from(p: *mut T) -> Self {
        Self::new(p)
    }
}

#[allow(unused_macros)] // This macro ends up being unused on some architectures.
macro_rules! if_not_8_bit {
    (u8, $($tt:tt)*) => { "" };
    (i8, $($tt:tt)*) => { "" };
    ($_:ident, $($tt:tt)*) => { $($tt)* };
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
macro_rules! atomic_int {
    ($cfg_cas:meta,
     $cfg_align:meta,
     $stable:meta,
     $stable_cxchg:meta,
     $stable_debug:meta,
     $stable_access:meta,
     $stable_from:meta,
     $stable_nand:meta,
     $const_stable:meta,
     $stable_init_const:meta,
     $s_int_type:literal,
     $extra_feature:expr,
     $min_fn:ident, $max_fn:ident,
     $align:expr,
     $atomic_new:expr,
     $int_type:ident $atomic_type:ident $atomic_init:ident) => {
        /// An integer type which can be safely shared between threads.
        ///
        /// This type has the same in-memory representation as the underlying
        /// integer type, [`
        #[doc = $s_int_type]
        /// `]. For more about the differences between atomic types and
        /// non-atomic types as well as information about the portability of
        /// this type, please see the [module-level documentation].
        ///
        /// **Note:** This type is only available on platforms that support
        /// atomic loads and stores of [`
        #[doc = $s_int_type]
        /// `].
        ///
        /// [module-level documentation]: crate::sync::atomic
        #[$stable]
        #[repr(C, align($align))]
        pub struct $atomic_type {
            v: UnsafeCell<$int_type>,
        }

        /// An atomic integer initialized to `0`.
        #[$stable_init_const]
        #[rustc_deprecated(
            since = "1.34.0",
            reason = "the `new` function is now preferred",
            suggestion = $atomic_new,
        )]
        pub const $atomic_init: $atomic_type = $atomic_type::new(0);

        #[$stable]
        #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_default_impls", issue = "87864")]
        impl const Default for $atomic_type {
            #[inline]
            fn default() -> Self {
                Self::new(Default::default())
            }
        }

        #[$stable_from]
        #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_num_from_num", issue = "87852")]
        impl const From<$int_type> for $atomic_type {
            #[doc = concat!("Converts an `", stringify!($int_type), "` into an `", stringify!($atomic_type), "`.")]
            #[inline]
            fn from(v: $int_type) -> Self { Self::new(v) }
        }

        #[$stable_debug]
        impl fmt::Debug for $atomic_type {
            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
                fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.load(Ordering::SeqCst), f)
            }
        }

        // Send is implicitly implemented.
        #[$stable]
        unsafe impl Sync for $atomic_type {}

        impl $atomic_type {
            /// Creates a new atomic integer.
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::", stringify!($atomic_type), ";")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let atomic_forty_two = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(42);")]
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            #[$const_stable]
            #[must_use]
            pub const fn new(v: $int_type) -> Self {
                Self {v: UnsafeCell::new(v)}
            }

            /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying integer.
            ///
            /// This is safe because the mutable reference guarantees that no other threads are
            /// concurrently accessing the atomic data.
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let mut some_var = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(10);")]
            /// assert_eq!(*some_var.get_mut(), 10);
            /// *some_var.get_mut() = 5;
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 5);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable_access]
            pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut $int_type {
                self.v.get_mut()
            }

            #[doc = concat!("Get atomic access to a `&mut ", stringify!($int_type), "`.")]
            ///
            #[doc = if_not_8_bit! {
                $int_type,
                concat!(
                    "**Note:** This function is only available on targets where `",
                    stringify!($int_type), "` has an alignment of ", $align, " bytes."
                )
            }]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            /// #![feature(atomic_from_mut)]
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            /// let mut some_int = 123;
            #[doc = concat!("let a = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::from_mut(&mut some_int);")]
            /// a.store(100, Ordering::Relaxed);
            /// assert_eq!(some_int, 100);
            /// ```
            ///
            #[inline]
            #[$cfg_align]
            #[unstable(feature = "atomic_from_mut", issue = "76314")]
            pub fn from_mut(v: &mut $int_type) -> &mut Self {
                use crate::mem::align_of;
                let [] = [(); align_of::<Self>() - align_of::<$int_type>()];
                // SAFETY:
                //  - the mutable reference guarantees unique ownership.
                //  - the alignment of `$int_type` and `Self` is the
                //    same, as promised by $cfg_align and verified above.
                unsafe { &mut *(v as *mut $int_type as *mut Self) }
            }

            /// Consumes the atomic and returns the contained value.
            ///
            /// This is safe because passing `self` by value guarantees that no other threads are
            /// concurrently accessing the atomic data.
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::", stringify!($atomic_type), ";")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let some_var = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(5);")]
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.into_inner(), 5);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable_access]
            #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_cell_into_inner", issue = "78729")]
            pub const fn into_inner(self) -> $int_type {
                self.v.into_inner()
            }

            /// Loads a value from the atomic integer.
            ///
            /// `load` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering of this operation.
            /// Possible values are [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] and [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// # Panics
            ///
            /// Panics if `order` is [`Release`] or [`AcqRel`].
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let some_var = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(5);")]
            ///
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 5);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            pub fn load(&self, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_load(self.v.get(), order) }
            }

            /// Stores a value into the atomic integer.
            ///
            /// `store` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering of this operation.
            ///  Possible values are [`SeqCst`], [`Release`] and [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// # Panics
            ///
            /// Panics if `order` is [`Acquire`] or [`AcqRel`].
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let some_var = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(5);")]
            ///
            /// some_var.store(10, Ordering::Relaxed);
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 10);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            pub fn store(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_store(self.v.get(), val, order); }
            }

            /// Stores a value into the atomic integer, returning the previous value.
            ///
            /// `swap` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
            /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
            /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
            /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let some_var = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(5);")]
            ///
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.swap(10, Ordering::Relaxed), 5);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn swap(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_swap(self.v.get(), val, order) }
            }

            /// Stores a value into the atomic integer if the current value is the same as
            /// the `current` value.
            ///
            /// The return value is always the previous value. If it is equal to `current`, then the
            /// value was updated.
            ///
            /// `compare_and_swap` also takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory
            /// ordering of this operation. Notice that even when using [`AcqRel`], the operation
            /// might fail and hence just perform an `Acquire` load, but not have `Release` semantics.
            /// Using [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`] if it
            /// happens, and using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Migrating to `compare_exchange` and `compare_exchange_weak`
            ///
            /// `compare_and_swap` is equivalent to `compare_exchange` with the following mapping for
            /// memory orderings:
            ///
            /// Original | Success | Failure
            /// -------- | ------- | -------
            /// Relaxed  | Relaxed | Relaxed
            /// Acquire  | Acquire | Acquire
            /// Release  | Release | Relaxed
            /// AcqRel   | AcqRel  | Acquire
            /// SeqCst   | SeqCst  | SeqCst
            ///
            /// `compare_exchange_weak` is allowed to fail spuriously even when the comparison succeeds,
            /// which allows the compiler to generate better assembly code when the compare and swap
            /// is used in a loop.
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let some_var = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(5);")]
            ///
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.compare_and_swap(5, 10, Ordering::Relaxed), 5);
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 10);
            ///
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.compare_and_swap(6, 12, Ordering::Relaxed), 10);
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 10);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            #[rustc_deprecated(
                since = "1.50.0",
                reason = "Use `compare_exchange` or `compare_exchange_weak` instead")
            ]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn compare_and_swap(&self,
                                    current: $int_type,
                                    new: $int_type,
                                    order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                match self.compare_exchange(current,
                                            new,
                                            order,
                                            strongest_failure_ordering(order)) {
                    Ok(x) => x,
                    Err(x) => x,
                }
            }

            /// Stores a value into the atomic integer if the current value is the same as
            /// the `current` value.
            ///
            /// The return value is a result indicating whether the new value was written and
            /// containing the previous value. On success this value is guaranteed to be equal to
            /// `current`.
            ///
            /// `compare_exchange` takes two [`Ordering`] arguments to describe the memory
            /// ordering of this operation. `success` describes the required ordering for the
            /// read-modify-write operation that takes place if the comparison with `current` succeeds.
            /// `failure` describes the required ordering for the load operation that takes place when
            /// the comparison fails. Using [`Acquire`] as success ordering makes the store part
            /// of this operation [`Relaxed`], and using [`Release`] makes the successful load
            /// [`Relaxed`]. The failure ordering can only be [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] or [`Relaxed`]
            /// and must be equivalent to or weaker than the success ordering.
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let some_var = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(5);")]
            ///
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.compare_exchange(5, 10,
            ///                                      Ordering::Acquire,
            ///                                      Ordering::Relaxed),
            ///            Ok(5));
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 10);
            ///
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.compare_exchange(6, 12,
            ///                                      Ordering::SeqCst,
            ///                                      Ordering::Acquire),
            ///            Err(10));
            /// assert_eq!(some_var.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 10);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable_cxchg]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn compare_exchange(&self,
                                    current: $int_type,
                                    new: $int_type,
                                    success: Ordering,
                                    failure: Ordering) -> Result<$int_type, $int_type> {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_compare_exchange(self.v.get(), current, new, success, failure) }
            }

            /// Stores a value into the atomic integer if the current value is the same as
            /// the `current` value.
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("Unlike [`", stringify!($atomic_type), "::compare_exchange`],")]
            /// this function is allowed to spuriously fail even
            /// when the comparison succeeds, which can result in more efficient code on some
            /// platforms. The return value is a result indicating whether the new value was
            /// written and containing the previous value.
            ///
            /// `compare_exchange_weak` takes two [`Ordering`] arguments to describe the memory
            /// ordering of this operation. `success` describes the required ordering for the
            /// read-modify-write operation that takes place if the comparison with `current` succeeds.
            /// `failure` describes the required ordering for the load operation that takes place when
            /// the comparison fails. Using [`Acquire`] as success ordering makes the store part
            /// of this operation [`Relaxed`], and using [`Release`] makes the successful load
            /// [`Relaxed`]. The failure ordering can only be [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] or [`Relaxed`]
            /// and must be equivalent to or weaker than the success ordering.
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let val = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(4);")]
            ///
            /// let mut old = val.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
            /// loop {
            ///     let new = old * 2;
            ///     match val.compare_exchange_weak(old, new, Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::Relaxed) {
            ///         Ok(_) => break,
            ///         Err(x) => old = x,
            ///     }
            /// }
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable_cxchg]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn compare_exchange_weak(&self,
                                         current: $int_type,
                                         new: $int_type,
                                         success: Ordering,
                                         failure: Ordering) -> Result<$int_type, $int_type> {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe {
                    atomic_compare_exchange_weak(self.v.get(), current, new, success, failure)
                }
            }

            /// Adds to the current value, returning the previous value.
            ///
            /// This operation wraps around on overflow.
            ///
            /// `fetch_add` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
            /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
            /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
            /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(0);")]
            /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_add(10, Ordering::SeqCst), 0);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 10);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn fetch_add(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_add(self.v.get(), val, order) }
            }

            /// Subtracts from the current value, returning the previous value.
            ///
            /// This operation wraps around on overflow.
            ///
            /// `fetch_sub` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
            /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
            /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
            /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(20);")]
            /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_sub(10, Ordering::SeqCst), 20);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 10);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn fetch_sub(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_sub(self.v.get(), val, order) }
            }

            /// Bitwise "and" with the current value.
            ///
            /// Performs a bitwise "and" operation on the current value and the argument `val`, and
            /// sets the new value to the result.
            ///
            /// Returns the previous value.
            ///
            /// `fetch_and` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
            /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
            /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
            /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(0b101101);")]
            /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_and(0b110011, Ordering::SeqCst), 0b101101);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0b100001);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn fetch_and(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_and(self.v.get(), val, order) }
            }

            /// Bitwise "nand" with the current value.
            ///
            /// Performs a bitwise "nand" operation on the current value and the argument `val`, and
            /// sets the new value to the result.
            ///
            /// Returns the previous value.
            ///
            /// `fetch_nand` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
            /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
            /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
            /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(0x13);")]
            /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_nand(0x31, Ordering::SeqCst), 0x13);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), !(0x13 & 0x31));
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable_nand]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn fetch_nand(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_nand(self.v.get(), val, order) }
            }

            /// Bitwise "or" with the current value.
            ///
            /// Performs a bitwise "or" operation on the current value and the argument `val`, and
            /// sets the new value to the result.
            ///
            /// Returns the previous value.
            ///
            /// `fetch_or` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
            /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
            /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
            /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(0b101101);")]
            /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_or(0b110011, Ordering::SeqCst), 0b101101);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0b111111);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn fetch_or(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_or(self.v.get(), val, order) }
            }

            /// Bitwise "xor" with the current value.
            ///
            /// Performs a bitwise "xor" operation on the current value and the argument `val`, and
            /// sets the new value to the result.
            ///
            /// Returns the previous value.
            ///
            /// `fetch_xor` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
            /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
            /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
            /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(0b101101);")]
            /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_xor(0b110011, Ordering::SeqCst), 0b101101);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0b011110);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[$stable]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn fetch_xor(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { atomic_xor(self.v.get(), val, order) }
            }

            /// Fetches the value, and applies a function to it that returns an optional
            /// new value. Returns a `Result` of `Ok(previous_value)` if the function returned `Some(_)`, else
            /// `Err(previous_value)`.
            ///
            /// Note: This may call the function multiple times if the value has been changed from other threads in
            /// the meantime, as long as the function returns `Some(_)`, but the function will have been applied
            /// only once to the stored value.
            ///
            /// `fetch_update` takes two [`Ordering`] arguments to describe the memory ordering of this operation.
            /// The first describes the required ordering for when the operation finally succeeds while the second
            /// describes the required ordering for loads. These correspond to the success and failure orderings of
            #[doc = concat!("[`", stringify!($atomic_type), "::compare_exchange`]")]
            /// respectively.
            ///
            /// Using [`Acquire`] as success ordering makes the store part
            /// of this operation [`Relaxed`], and using [`Release`] makes the final successful load
            /// [`Relaxed`]. The (failed) load ordering can only be [`SeqCst`], [`Acquire`] or [`Relaxed`]
            /// and must be equivalent to or weaker than the success ordering.
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```rust
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let x = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(7);")]
            /// assert_eq!(x.fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |_| None), Err(7));
            /// assert_eq!(x.fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |x| Some(x + 1)), Ok(7));
            /// assert_eq!(x.fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |x| Some(x + 1)), Ok(8));
            /// assert_eq!(x.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 9);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[stable(feature = "no_more_cas", since = "1.45.0")]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn fetch_update<F>(&self,
                                   set_order: Ordering,
                                   fetch_order: Ordering,
                                   mut f: F) -> Result<$int_type, $int_type>
            where F: FnMut($int_type) -> Option<$int_type> {
                let mut prev = self.load(fetch_order);
                while let Some(next) = f(prev) {
                    match self.compare_exchange_weak(prev, next, set_order, fetch_order) {
                        x @ Ok(_) => return x,
                        Err(next_prev) => prev = next_prev
                    }
                }
                Err(prev)
            }

            /// Maximum with the current value.
            ///
            /// Finds the maximum of the current value and the argument `val`, and
            /// sets the new value to the result.
            ///
            /// Returns the previous value.
            ///
            /// `fetch_max` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
            /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
            /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
            /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(23);")]
            /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_max(42, Ordering::SeqCst), 23);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 42);
            /// ```
            ///
            /// If you want to obtain the maximum value in one step, you can use the following:
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(23);")]
            /// let bar = 42;
            /// let max_foo = foo.fetch_max(bar, Ordering::SeqCst).max(bar);
            /// assert!(max_foo == 42);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[stable(feature = "atomic_min_max", since = "1.45.0")]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn fetch_max(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { $max_fn(self.v.get(), val, order) }
            }

            /// Minimum with the current value.
            ///
            /// Finds the minimum of the current value and the argument `val`, and
            /// sets the new value to the result.
            ///
            /// Returns the previous value.
            ///
            /// `fetch_min` takes an [`Ordering`] argument which describes the memory ordering
            /// of this operation. All ordering modes are possible. Note that using
            /// [`Acquire`] makes the store part of this operation [`Relaxed`], and
            /// using [`Release`] makes the load part [`Relaxed`].
            ///
            /// **Note**: This method is only available on platforms that support atomic operations on
            #[doc = concat!("[`", $s_int_type, "`].")]
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(23);")]
            /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_min(42, Ordering::Relaxed), 23);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 23);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.fetch_min(22, Ordering::Relaxed), 23);
            /// assert_eq!(foo.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 22);
            /// ```
            ///
            /// If you want to obtain the minimum value in one step, you can use the following:
            ///
            /// ```
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::{", stringify!($atomic_type), ", Ordering};")]
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let foo = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(23);")]
            /// let bar = 12;
            /// let min_foo = foo.fetch_min(bar, Ordering::SeqCst).min(bar);
            /// assert_eq!(min_foo, 12);
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[stable(feature = "atomic_min_max", since = "1.45.0")]
            #[$cfg_cas]
            pub fn fetch_min(&self, val: $int_type, order: Ordering) -> $int_type {
                // SAFETY: data races are prevented by atomic intrinsics.
                unsafe { $min_fn(self.v.get(), val, order) }
            }

            /// Returns a mutable pointer to the underlying integer.
            ///
            /// Doing non-atomic reads and writes on the resulting integer can be a data race.
            /// This method is mostly useful for FFI, where the function signature may use
            #[doc = concat!("`*mut ", stringify!($int_type), "` instead of `&", stringify!($atomic_type), "`.")]
            ///
            /// Returning an `*mut` pointer from a shared reference to this atomic is safe because the
            /// atomic types work with interior mutability. All modifications of an atomic change the value
            /// through a shared reference, and can do so safely as long as they use atomic operations. Any
            /// use of the returned raw pointer requires an `unsafe` block and still has to uphold the same
            /// restriction: operations on it must be atomic.
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```ignore (extern-declaration)
            /// # fn main() {
            #[doc = concat!($extra_feature, "use std::sync::atomic::", stringify!($atomic_type), ";")]
            ///
            /// extern "C" {
            #[doc = concat!("    fn my_atomic_op(arg: *mut ", stringify!($int_type), ");")]
            /// }
            ///
            #[doc = concat!("let mut atomic = ", stringify!($atomic_type), "::new(1);")]
            ///
            // SAFETY: Safe as long as `my_atomic_op` is atomic.
            /// unsafe {
            ///     my_atomic_op(atomic.as_mut_ptr());
            /// }
            /// # }
            /// ```
            #[inline]
            #[unstable(feature = "atomic_mut_ptr",
                   reason = "recently added",
                   issue = "66893")]
            pub fn as_mut_ptr(&self) -> *mut $int_type {
                self.v.get()
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "8"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "8"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "i8",
    "",
    atomic_min, atomic_max,
    1,
    "AtomicI8::new(0)",
    i8 AtomicI8 ATOMIC_I8_INIT
}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "8"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "8"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "u8",
    "",
    atomic_umin, atomic_umax,
    1,
    "AtomicU8::new(0)",
    u8 AtomicU8 ATOMIC_U8_INIT
}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "16")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "16"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "16"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "i16",
    "",
    atomic_min, atomic_max,
    2,
    "AtomicI16::new(0)",
    i16 AtomicI16 ATOMIC_I16_INIT
}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "16")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "16"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "16"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "u16",
    "",
    atomic_umin, atomic_umax,
    2,
    "AtomicU16::new(0)",
    u16 AtomicU16 ATOMIC_U16_INIT
}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "32")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "32"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "32"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "i32",
    "",
    atomic_min, atomic_max,
    4,
    "AtomicI32::new(0)",
    i32 AtomicI32 ATOMIC_I32_INIT
}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "32")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "32"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "32"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "u32",
    "",
    atomic_umin, atomic_umax,
    4,
    "AtomicU32::new(0)",
    u32 AtomicU32 ATOMIC_U32_INIT
}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "64")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "64"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "64"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "i64",
    "",
    atomic_min, atomic_max,
    8,
    "AtomicI64::new(0)",
    i64 AtomicI64 ATOMIC_I64_INIT
}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "64")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "64"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "64"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    stable(feature = "integer_atomics_stable", since = "1.34.0"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "u64",
    "",
    atomic_umin, atomic_umax,
    8,
    "AtomicU64::new(0)",
    u64 AtomicU64 ATOMIC_U64_INIT
}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "128")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "128"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "128"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "i128",
    "#![feature(integer_atomics)]\n\n",
    atomic_min, atomic_max,
    16,
    "AtomicI128::new(0)",
    i128 AtomicI128 ATOMIC_I128_INIT
}
#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "128")]
atomic_int! {
    cfg(target_has_atomic = "128"),
    cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "128"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.34.0"),
    unstable(feature = "integer_atomics", issue = "32976"),
    "u128",
    "#![feature(integer_atomics)]\n\n",
    atomic_umin, atomic_umax,
    16,
    "AtomicU128::new(0)",
    u128 AtomicU128 ATOMIC_U128_INIT
}

macro_rules! atomic_int_ptr_sized {
    ( $($target_pointer_width:literal $align:literal)* ) => { $(
        #[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
        #[cfg(target_pointer_width = $target_pointer_width)]
        atomic_int! {
            cfg(target_has_atomic = "ptr"),
            cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "ptr"),
            stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0"),
            stable(feature = "extended_compare_and_swap", since = "1.10.0"),
            stable(feature = "atomic_debug", since = "1.3.0"),
            stable(feature = "atomic_access", since = "1.15.0"),
            stable(feature = "atomic_from", since = "1.23.0"),
            stable(feature = "atomic_nand", since = "1.27.0"),
            rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.24.0"),
            stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0"),
            "isize",
            "",
            atomic_min, atomic_max,
            $align,
            "AtomicIsize::new(0)",
            isize AtomicIsize ATOMIC_ISIZE_INIT
        }
        #[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
        #[cfg(target_pointer_width = $target_pointer_width)]
        atomic_int! {
            cfg(target_has_atomic = "ptr"),
            cfg(target_has_atomic_equal_alignment = "ptr"),
            stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0"),
            stable(feature = "extended_compare_and_swap", since = "1.10.0"),
            stable(feature = "atomic_debug", since = "1.3.0"),
            stable(feature = "atomic_access", since = "1.15.0"),
            stable(feature = "atomic_from", since = "1.23.0"),
            stable(feature = "atomic_nand", since = "1.27.0"),
            rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_integer_atomics", since = "1.24.0"),
            stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0"),
            "usize",
            "",
            atomic_umin, atomic_umax,
            $align,
            "AtomicUsize::new(0)",
            usize AtomicUsize ATOMIC_USIZE_INIT
        }
    )* };
}

atomic_int_ptr_sized! {
    "16" 2
    "32" 4
    "64" 8
}

#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
fn strongest_failure_ordering(order: Ordering) -> Ordering {
    match order {
        Release => Relaxed,
        Relaxed => Relaxed,
        SeqCst => SeqCst,
        Acquire => Acquire,
        AcqRel => Acquire,
    }
}

#[inline]
unsafe fn atomic_store<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_store`.
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_store_rel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_store_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_store(dst, val),
            Acquire => panic!("there is no such thing as an acquire store"),
            AcqRel => panic!("there is no such thing as an acquire/release store"),
        }
    }
}

#[inline]
unsafe fn atomic_load<T: Copy>(dst: *const T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_load`.
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_load_acq(dst),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_load_relaxed(dst),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_load(dst),
            Release => panic!("there is no such thing as a release load"),
            AcqRel => panic!("there is no such thing as an acquire/release load"),
        }
    }
}

#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_swap<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_swap`.
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_xchg_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_xchg_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_xchg_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_xchg_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_xchg(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

/// Returns the previous value (like __sync_fetch_and_add).
#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_add<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_add`.
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_xadd_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_xadd_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_xadd_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_xadd_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_xadd(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

/// Returns the previous value (like __sync_fetch_and_sub).
#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_sub<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_sub`.
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_xsub_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_xsub_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_xsub_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_xsub_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_xsub(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_compare_exchange<T: Copy>(
    dst: *mut T,
    old: T,
    new: T,
    success: Ordering,
    failure: Ordering,
) -> Result<T, T> {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_compare_exchange`.
    let (val, ok) = unsafe {
        match (success, failure) {
            (Acquire, Acquire) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchg_acq(dst, old, new),
            (Release, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchg_rel(dst, old, new),
            (AcqRel, Acquire) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchg_acqrel(dst, old, new),
            (Relaxed, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchg_relaxed(dst, old, new),
            (SeqCst, SeqCst) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchg(dst, old, new),
            (Acquire, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchg_acq_failrelaxed(dst, old, new),
            (AcqRel, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchg_acqrel_failrelaxed(dst, old, new),
            (SeqCst, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchg_failrelaxed(dst, old, new),
            (SeqCst, Acquire) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchg_failacq(dst, old, new),
            (_, AcqRel) => panic!("there is no such thing as an acquire/release failure ordering"),
            (_, Release) => panic!("there is no such thing as a release failure ordering"),
            _ => panic!("a failure ordering can't be stronger than a success ordering"),
        }
    };
    if ok { Ok(val) } else { Err(val) }
}

#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_compare_exchange_weak<T: Copy>(
    dst: *mut T,
    old: T,
    new: T,
    success: Ordering,
    failure: Ordering,
) -> Result<T, T> {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_compare_exchange_weak`.
    let (val, ok) = unsafe {
        match (success, failure) {
            (Acquire, Acquire) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchgweak_acq(dst, old, new),
            (Release, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchgweak_rel(dst, old, new),
            (AcqRel, Acquire) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchgweak_acqrel(dst, old, new),
            (Relaxed, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchgweak_relaxed(dst, old, new),
            (SeqCst, SeqCst) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchgweak(dst, old, new),
            (Acquire, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchgweak_acq_failrelaxed(dst, old, new),
            (AcqRel, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchgweak_acqrel_failrelaxed(dst, old, new),
            (SeqCst, Relaxed) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchgweak_failrelaxed(dst, old, new),
            (SeqCst, Acquire) => intrinsics::atomic_cxchgweak_failacq(dst, old, new),
            (_, AcqRel) => panic!("there is no such thing as an acquire/release failure ordering"),
            (_, Release) => panic!("there is no such thing as a release failure ordering"),
            _ => panic!("a failure ordering can't be stronger than a success ordering"),
        }
    };
    if ok { Ok(val) } else { Err(val) }
}

#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_and<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_and`
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_and_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_and_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_and_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_and_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_and(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_nand<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_nand`
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_nand_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_nand_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_nand_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_nand_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_nand(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_or<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_or`
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_or_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_or_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_or_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_or_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_or(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_xor<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_xor`
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_xor_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_xor_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_xor_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_xor_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_xor(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

/// returns the max value (signed comparison)
#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_max<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_max`
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_max_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_max_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_max_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_max_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_max(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

/// returns the min value (signed comparison)
#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_min<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_min`
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_min_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_min_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_min_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_min_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_min(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

/// returns the max value (unsigned comparison)
#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_umax<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_umax`
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_umax_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_umax_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_umax_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_umax_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_umax(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

/// returns the min value (unsigned comparison)
#[inline]
#[cfg(target_has_atomic = "8")]
unsafe fn atomic_umin<T: Copy>(dst: *mut T, val: T, order: Ordering) -> T {
    // SAFETY: the caller must uphold the safety contract for `atomic_umin`
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_umin_acq(dst, val),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_umin_rel(dst, val),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_umin_acqrel(dst, val),
            Relaxed => intrinsics::atomic_umin_relaxed(dst, val),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_umin(dst, val),
        }
    }
}

/// An atomic fence.
///
/// Depending on the specified order, a fence prevents the compiler and CPU from
/// reordering certain types of memory operations around it.
/// That creates synchronizes-with relationships between it and atomic operations
/// or fences in other threads.
///
/// A fence 'A' which has (at least) [`Release`] ordering semantics, synchronizes
/// with a fence 'B' with (at least) [`Acquire`] semantics, if and only if there
/// exist operations X and Y, both operating on some atomic object 'M' such
/// that A is sequenced before X, Y is synchronized before B and Y observes
/// the change to M. This provides a happens-before dependence between A and B.
///
/// ```text
///     Thread 1                                          Thread 2
///
/// fence(Release);      A --------------
/// x.store(3, Relaxed); X ---------    |
///                                |    |
///                                |    |
///                                -------------> Y  if x.load(Relaxed) == 3 {
///                                     |-------> B      fence(Acquire);
///                                                      ...
///                                                  }
/// ```
///
/// Atomic operations with [`Release`] or [`Acquire`] semantics can also synchronize
/// with a fence.
///
/// A fence which has [`SeqCst`] ordering, in addition to having both [`Acquire`]
/// and [`Release`] semantics, participates in the global program order of the
/// other [`SeqCst`] operations and/or fences.
///
/// Accepts [`Acquire`], [`Release`], [`AcqRel`] and [`SeqCst`] orderings.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `order` is [`Relaxed`].
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
/// use std::sync::atomic::fence;
/// use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
///
/// // A mutual exclusion primitive based on spinlock.
/// pub struct Mutex {
///     flag: AtomicBool,
/// }
///
/// impl Mutex {
///     pub fn new() -> Mutex {
///         Mutex {
///             flag: AtomicBool::new(false),
///         }
///     }
///
///     pub fn lock(&self) {
///         // Wait until the old value is `false`.
///         while self
///             .flag
///             .compare_exchange_weak(false, true, Ordering::Relaxed, Ordering::Relaxed)
///             .is_err()
///         {}
///         // This fence synchronizes-with store in `unlock`.
///         fence(Ordering::Acquire);
///     }
///
///     pub fn unlock(&self) {
///         self.flag.store(false, Ordering::Release);
///     }
/// }
/// ```
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[rustc_diagnostic_item = "fence"]
pub fn fence(order: Ordering) {
    // SAFETY: using an atomic fence is safe.
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_fence_acq(),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_fence_rel(),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_fence_acqrel(),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_fence(),
            Relaxed => panic!("there is no such thing as a relaxed fence"),
        }
    }
}

/// A compiler memory fence.
///
/// `compiler_fence` does not emit any machine code, but restricts the kinds
/// of memory re-ordering the compiler is allowed to do. Specifically, depending on
/// the given [`Ordering`] semantics, the compiler may be disallowed from moving reads
/// or writes from before or after the call to the other side of the call to
/// `compiler_fence`. Note that it does **not** prevent the *hardware*
/// from doing such re-ordering. This is not a problem in a single-threaded,
/// execution context, but when other threads may modify memory at the same
/// time, stronger synchronization primitives such as [`fence`] are required.
///
/// The re-ordering prevented by the different ordering semantics are:
///
///  - with [`SeqCst`], no re-ordering of reads and writes across this point is allowed.
///  - with [`Release`], preceding reads and writes cannot be moved past subsequent writes.
///  - with [`Acquire`], subsequent reads and writes cannot be moved ahead of preceding reads.
///  - with [`AcqRel`], both of the above rules are enforced.
///
/// `compiler_fence` is generally only useful for preventing a thread from
/// racing *with itself*. That is, if a given thread is executing one piece
/// of code, and is then interrupted, and starts executing code elsewhere
/// (while still in the same thread, and conceptually still on the same
/// core). In traditional programs, this can only occur when a signal
/// handler is registered. In more low-level code, such situations can also
/// arise when handling interrupts, when implementing green threads with
/// pre-emption, etc. Curious readers are encouraged to read the Linux kernel's
/// discussion of [memory barriers].
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if `order` is [`Relaxed`].
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Without `compiler_fence`, the `assert_eq!` in following code
/// is *not* guaranteed to succeed, despite everything happening in a single thread.
/// To see why, remember that the compiler is free to swap the stores to
/// `IMPORTANT_VARIABLE` and `IS_READY` since they are both
/// `Ordering::Relaxed`. If it does, and the signal handler is invoked right
/// after `IS_READY` is updated, then the signal handler will see
/// `IS_READY=1`, but `IMPORTANT_VARIABLE=0`.
/// Using a `compiler_fence` remedies this situation.
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize};
/// use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
/// use std::sync::atomic::compiler_fence;
///
/// static IMPORTANT_VARIABLE: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
/// static IS_READY: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
///
/// fn main() {
///     IMPORTANT_VARIABLE.store(42, Ordering::Relaxed);
///     // prevent earlier writes from being moved beyond this point
///     compiler_fence(Ordering::Release);
///     IS_READY.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
/// }
///
/// fn signal_handler() {
///     if IS_READY.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
///         assert_eq!(IMPORTANT_VARIABLE.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 42);
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// [memory barriers]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "compiler_fences", since = "1.21.0")]
#[rustc_diagnostic_item = "compiler_fence"]
pub fn compiler_fence(order: Ordering) {
    // SAFETY: using an atomic fence is safe.
    unsafe {
        match order {
            Acquire => intrinsics::atomic_singlethreadfence_acq(),
            Release => intrinsics::atomic_singlethreadfence_rel(),
            AcqRel => intrinsics::atomic_singlethreadfence_acqrel(),
            SeqCst => intrinsics::atomic_singlethreadfence(),
            Relaxed => panic!("there is no such thing as a relaxed compiler fence"),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "8")]
#[stable(feature = "atomic_debug", since = "1.3.0")]
impl fmt::Debug for AtomicBool {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.load(Ordering::SeqCst), f)
    }
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
#[stable(feature = "atomic_debug", since = "1.3.0")]
impl<T> fmt::Debug for AtomicPtr<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.load(Ordering::SeqCst), f)
    }
}

#[cfg(target_has_atomic_load_store = "ptr")]
#[stable(feature = "atomic_pointer", since = "1.24.0")]
impl<T> fmt::Pointer for AtomicPtr<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt::Pointer::fmt(&self.load(Ordering::SeqCst), f)
    }
}

/// Signals the processor that it is inside a busy-wait spin-loop ("spin lock").
///
/// This function is deprecated in favor of [`hint::spin_loop`].
///
/// [`hint::spin_loop`]: crate::hint::spin_loop
#[inline]
#[stable(feature = "spin_loop_hint", since = "1.24.0")]
#[rustc_deprecated(since = "1.51.0", reason = "use hint::spin_loop instead")]
pub fn spin_loop_hint() {
    spin_loop()
}